Restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were the first DNA-based genetic markers developed. The size of eukaryotic genomes hindered a simple identification of genetic variations in specific genes or sequences. The capability of complementary base pairing to reveal polymorphisms in sequences homologous to the probe enabled the development of methods to […]
Biotechnology
Immunoglobulins The glycoproteins produced by B-lymphocytes effector cells or plasma cells against specific antigens are known as Immunoglobulins or Antibodies. Antibodies are made up of multiple immunoglobulin domains that are composed of a polypeptide chain that folds into a series of antiparallel β-pleated strands and these strands are arranged into […]
Crystal structure of Streptococcus thermophilus Cas9 in complex with AGGA PAM. Source: RCSB PDB Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats or CRISPR is a new-generation gene editing system. This technique was adapted from the self-defensive mechanism of the bacteria. CRISPR is a repetitive DNA sequence that was observed in […]
The Human Genome Project was a major scientific study in the history of life-sciences. This project was lead to many biological discoveries which can aid the future research and developments. The aim of the project was to study all the DNA or Genomes of the selected set of organisms. This […]
Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids, the building block of genome it can be either DNA or RNA. The genome is the entire set of genetic material in a haploid cell. There are 46 or 23 pair of chromosomes are present in a cell. The genome resides mainly in the nucleus […]
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is copied into RNA. This process is essential for the expression of genes and the synthesis of proteins. Transcription occurs differently in eukaryotes and prokaryotes due to differences in the organization of their genetic material. Transcription in Prokaryotes […]
Blood, “The River of Life” as it supports life. It contains the nutrients and oxygen that support living organisms. The cells in the blood are generally synthesized in the bone marrow by a process called haematopoiesis. Blood contains three types of blood cells, namely Erythrocytes or RBC, Leukocytes or […]
![Replication in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes – Explained [PDF]](https://i0.wp.com/www.biotechreality.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Replication-title.png?fit=640%2C251&ssl=1)
Replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its genetic material to pass on to its daughter cells during cell division. The replication process is different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, which are two distinct types of cells. Read more about Introduction to Molecular Biology In prokaryotes, such […]
A microscope is a device used to visualize materials with a micro size that is not visible to the naked eye. The first microscope was invented by Zacharias Janssen. This type of microscope is called the light microscope as it uses visible light to illuminate the object. The light […]
![Polymerase Chain Reaction – PCR, Explanation and Notes [PDF]](https://i0.wp.com/www.biotechreality.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PCR-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction.jpg?fit=640%2C448&ssl=1)
PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is the process used in Molecular Biology for the amplification of genomic DNA samples when the sample count is veryless. It produces millions of samples. This technique was developed byKary Mullis. It is the application of Taq polymerase which is a heat-stable DNA […]
